Alongside this reality, several investigations of the profile of Cracolândia dwellers and regulars in recent years show a consistent pattern of social exclusion: 70% men, averaging 30 years old, living in the streets for more than five years (UNIAD 2020). The same pattern is found in the numerous open-air drug markets that spread throughout urban areas in the country in the last decade, highlighting dismal social and health indicators - almost 80% never completed elementary school; 55% were never tested for HIV, despite a prevalence ten times higher than the general population. Racial bias is also evident, as non-whites are overrepresented in the area: non-whites account for 80% of people in drug-use scenes, but only 52% in the general population (FIOCRUZ 2014: 50). It is no coincidence that the profile of the crack-cocaine user in open-air street markets is remarkably similar to the prison population (DEPEN 2017: 30) and the victims of homicides in Brazil (FBSP/IPEA 2019: 69).
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Despite the publicity and political bravado around these high-profile police interventions, the dynamics of drug use and trafficking in the area suffered only brief interruptions. The immediate effect was to disperse people and create new, small cracklands in the adjacent neighbourhoods, to the chagrin of residents. After a few days, a seemingly indistinct group of people would return to the original perimeter and gather in a nearby street: the flux was reborn, eventually returning to its previous size.
The new administration benefited from listening to the experience accumulated by field professionals and from taking into consideration the habits and demands of those targeted by the new policy. Cracolândia dwellers themselves inspired the idea of using small hotels in the neighbourhood as stable housing. Long before the program launch, they would spend short periods in the same hotels during and after periods of intensive crack use, when they had enough money. A few months after the start of the program, a national epidemiological inquiry with street crack users which asked what they expected from addiction services confirmed that food, access to hygiene facilities and employment were as crucial as health care for them. Additionally, 62% of respondents stressed that the police should have no access at all to the service (FIOCRUZ 2014). 2ff7e9595c
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